State Level Disparity

2019 Measure Reporting Year

Measurement Period: April 2015 - June 2018

Evaluating differences, or disparities, in health outcomes of patients with and without social risk factors can identify gaps in the quality of care being provided for vulnerable patient populations. In this visualization, users can explore how a state's overall performance on CMS's hospital quality measures relates to their performance for patients with social risk factors.

To begin exploring the data:

Select desired measure.
Select desired risk factor.
Toggle between performance for patients with or without social risk factors or the disparity between the two.
Highlight one more more states or filter to view states by region. (Note: ranked performance will re-order when filtered by region to only include filtered states).
Click on a state abbreviation for more information.

Narrow by subregion:

Overall Measure Performance

Condition/procedure:

Measure Performance by Risk Factor

Risk Factor:

Other Years

2020 2019 2018

How This Is Calculated

The following hypothetical example demonstrates how the visualization is calculated, using Medicare and Medicaid dual eligibility as the social risk factor:

1. Overall state performance is calculated for the combined dually eligible ("dual") and non-dual population. Per 1000 admissions in the state:

2. Population of dual and non-dual patients is calculated as the percent of each population out of the entire state population.

3. Performance is calculated for the dual and non-dual populations for each state by calculating the difference between the observed outcome and the expected outcome based on the national performance for each state. Per 1000 admissions in the state:

4. The disparity between the dual and non-dual population is calculated as the absolute difference between the dual and non-dual performance.

Notes

Beginning with the 2019 reporting year, the stroke readmission measure was removed from this data visualization because this measure is no longer reported in the Inpatient Quality Reporting Program (IQR). This measure’s results are still available in reporting years prior to 2019.

Table 1. Social Risk Factors Definitions

Social Risk Factor	Definition
Dual Eligibility Status	Patients are in this category if they are a part of Medicare Part A or Medicare Part B as well as Medicaid.
Poverty Line	Patients who fit into this category have a family income that is lower than 90 percent of people in the US.
Low Education	Patients fit into this category if they have a level of education lower than 90 percent of people in the US.
Unemployed	Patients from zip codes where more than 11.5% of the residents aged 16 years or older are in the labor force who are unemployed and actively seeking work.
AHRQ SES Index Score	Patients from zip codes with an Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) socioeconomic status (SES) index score below 31.8.

Methodology Sources

AMI, COPD, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia Readmission Measures Methodology: Lori Wallace, Jacqueline N. Grady, Darinka Djordjevic, et al. 2019 Condition-Specific Measures Updates and Specifications Report Hospital-Level 30-Day Risk-Standardized Readmission Measures: Acute Myocardial Infarction – Version 12.0, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Version 8.0, Heart Failure – Version 12.0, Pneumonia – Version 12.0. https://qualitynet.org/inpatient/measures/readmission. Available as of April 23, 2019.

CABG and Hip/Knee Arthroplasty Readmission Measures Methodology: Lori Wallace, Jacqueline N. Grady, Darinka Djordjevic, et al. 2019 Procedure-Specific Measures Updates and Specifications Report Hospital-Level 30-Day Risk-Standardized Readmission Measures: Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery – Version 6.0, Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and/or Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) – Version 8.0. https://qualitynet.org/inpatient/measures/readmission. Available as of April 23, 2019.

AMI, COPD, Heart Failure, Pneumonia, and Stroke Mortality Measures Methodology: Lori Wallace, Jacqueline N. Grady, Darinka Djordjevic, et al. 2019 Condition-Specific Measures Updates and Specifications Report Hospital-Level 30-Day Risk-Standardized Mortality Measures: Acute Myocardial Infarction – Version 13.0, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Version 8.0, Heart Failure – Version 13.0, Pneumonia – Version 13.0, Stroke – Version 8.0. https://qualitynet.org/inpatient/measures/mortality/methodology. Available as of April 23, 2019.

CABG Mortality Measure Methodology: Lori Wallace, Jacqueline N. Grady, Darinka Djordjevic, et al. 2019 Procedure-Specific Measure Updates and Specifications Report Hospital-Level 30-Day Risk-Standardized Mortality Measure: Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery – Version 6.0. https://qualitynet.org/inpatient/measures/mortality/methodology. Available as of April 23, 2019.

Hip/Knee Arthroplasty Complication Measure Methodology: Lori Wallace, Jacqueline N. Grady, Darinka Djordjevic, et al. 2019 Procedure-Specific Measure Updates and Specifications Report Hospital-Level Risk-Standardized Complication Measure: Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and/or Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) – Version 8.0. https://qualitynet.org/inpatient/measures/complication/methodology. Available as of April 23, 2019.